African Music and the Church in Africa

Publisher Marketing: UPPSALA UNIVERSITETS ARSSKRIFT 1960 3 - ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS - AFRICAN MUSIC IND THE CHURCH IN AFRICA HENRY WEMAN - - UPPSALA AB LUNDEQUISTSRA BOKHANDELN To my wife- fellow-traveller and invaluable helper CONTENTS Page Preface .................................................... 9 I . Structure and forms of erpression .......................... 1 . African music-living music ............................ 2 . Tonality and Scales ................................ a The scale of the strings .......................... b The scale of the pipes ............................ c The scale of the Mbira .......................... 3 . Melody and song technique ............................ a Parallel singing .................................... b Responsorial and anthiphonal singing ................ c Solo and choral response .......................... dl Overlapping ...................................... e Song and hand-clapping ............................ f Solorecitative-Slow choral response ................ g Speech melody-Song melody ...................... 1 . Rhythm ............................................. a Had-clapping .................................... b Clapping patterns ................................. c Combined clapping patterns ........................ d Cross-rhythms .................................... .................................. I1 . Music in African society 73 1 . Music in everyday life ................................ 73 2 . Zulu wedding ........................................ 84 3 . Praise-singing ........................................ 90 4 . A musical Zulu kraal .................................. 94 5 . The sects and folk music ............................ 101 6 . The Nazarite hymn-book .............................. 111 .............................. ................................ .................................. .................................... ...................................... ...................................... ................ ........................ .................................... ............................ 111 . Music in the African school 1 . To sing as a westerner 2 . Tonic-Solfa method 3 . Four-part singing 115 115 117 119 4 . European tunes 5 . Indigenous tunes 6 . hlusical instruction and new syllabuses 119 121 123 IV . Music in the Christian congregafion 127 1 . Musical adaptation 127 2 . Lutheran orders of worship 130 Page 3 . The situation at lhe beginning of the Missions ............ 133 4 . The present situation in the local congregation .......... 135 a Liturgical music 135 .................................. ............................ bj Congregational singing 138 C Critical voices .................................... 143 ................................ .............................. ................................ ................................ ........................................ 5 . Tradition and renewal l47 a1 Principal viewpoints 147 b Liturgical tradition 150 cl Jiusical viewpoints l51 d Conclusion 153 V . -4 nezv Church music .................................... 168 . Experiences and experiments in South Africa .............. 155 1 . Old hymns in new settings ............................ 15.5 12 . African music in the making .......................... 158 a African Psalmody ................................ 158 b The building-up of an African hymn ................ 163 c A new setting of the Mass .......................... 165 d Other forms ...................................... 167 e Character of the melodies .......................... 168 f A singing course for African priests and teachers ...... 169 g lnkonro Yebandla Lamaruthere A new Graduale for the co-operating Lutheran Churches in Zululand ...................................... 173 h Survey of the Lutheran High Mass in South Africa .... 176 B . Experiences and experiments in Southern Rhodesia ..........